Ray (I) Charles filmography and biography
Date of birth: 23 September 1930, Albany, Georgia, USA
Date of death: 10 June 2004, Beverly Hills, California, USA (liver failure)
Ray (I) Charles biography
A tragic fate may have given this visionary a heightened sensitivity,
perception, awareness, even expansion to his obvious musical gifts that
he may have never touched upon had he not suffered from his physical
affliction. Whatever it was, Ray Charles revolutionized American music
and was catapulted to legendary status by the time he died in Beverly
Hills at age 73. Born to Aretha and Baily Robinson, an impoverished
Albany, Georgia, family that moved to Greenville, Florida while he was
still an infant. It was not a cause for joy and celebration. His father
soon abandoned the family and his baby brother, George Robinson,
drowned in a freak washtub accident. Ray himself developed glaucoma at
the age of five and within two years had lost his sight completely. A
singer in a Baptist choir, he developed a love and feel for rhythms and
studied music at the State School for Deaf and Blind Children, showing
which brought out his talent and ear for playing various instruments,
including the piano and clarinet. An orphan by his early teens, Ray
joined a country band at age 16 called The Florida Playboys. He moved
to Seattle in 1948 where he and Southern guitarist Gossady McGee formed
the McSon Trio. With an emphasis on easy-styled jazz, Ray also played
in bebop sessions on the sly. He departed from the McSon Trio and
signed with Los Angeles-based Swing Time Records, becoming the pianist
for rhythm and blues great Lowell Fulson and his band. Atlantic
Records eventually picked him up. Along the road he would add composer,
writer and arranger to his formidable list of talents.
Ray's first R&B hit was "Confession Blues" in Los Angeles in 1949. In
1951 he had his first solo chart buster with "Baby Let Me Hold Your
Hand." His amazing versatility and raw, soulful delivery quickly caught
on with audiences and helped put Atlantic Records on the map. Hits like
"Mess Around," "Things I Used to Do," "A Fool for You," "I've Got a
Woman," "Drown in My Own Tears", and especially "What'd I Say" in 1959,
pushed gospel and R&B to a wider crossover audience. He made a move
into the country music arena--unheard of for a black singer--in the
1960s, doing soulful spins on Hank Williams (I) and
Eddy Arnold tunes. In 1960 he left Atlantic and signed with
ABC-Paramount. Under ABC-Paramount, hits poured out during this peak
time with "I Can't Stop Loving You," "Hit the Road Jack," "Busted" and
his beloved signature song "Georgia On My Mind."
His landmark 1962 album "Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music"
brought a new swinging style to country music. From there he traveled a
mainstream route--from interpreting songs from The Beatles
("Eleanor Rigby") to appearing in "Diet Pepsi" ads ("You Got the Right
One, Baby, Uh-huh!"). He also showed up sporadically in films, playing
himself in the movie Ballad in Blue and guest-starring in
The Blues Brothers with Dan Aykroyd and
John Belushi. A TV musical variety favorite with his trademark
dark glasses and dry humor, he worked alongside such musical legends as
Ella Fitzgerald and Barbra Streisand on their very
special evenings of song.
It is hard to believe that with everything he accomplished, Ray also had
to deal with a longstanding heroin problem. In the mid-'60s he was
arrested for possession of heroin and marijuana and revealed that he'd
been addicted for nearly two decades. By 1965 he had completely
recovered. The man who lived life on the edge was divorced twice and
had 12 children both in and outside his marriages. At the time of his
death from liver disease in 2004, he was working on a recording project
of duets with such performers as Willie Nelson,
Bonnie Raitt, B.B. King, Elton John and
Norah Jones. This collaboration entitled "Genius Loves Company"
led to an incisive win at the Grammy awards--eight posthumous trophies
including "Album of the Year" and "Record of the Year."
Ray (I) Charles trivia
- He was married twice and had many girlfriends. He had 12 children, 20
grandchildren and five great-grandchildren.
- Blind from glaucoma since age 6.
- Hired for a car commercial, he actually drove a car without assistance -
in the Death Valley desert. He said that it was one of the most
exciting experiences of his life.
- Awarded honorary doctor of humane letters by Wilberforce University, a
private, historically black university in Wilberforce, Ohio (December
1999)
- Awarded the Polar Music Prize, the Royal Swedish Academy of Music Award,
in 1998.
- His best known hit in America was his 1962 pop hit "I Can't Stop Loving
You," which spent five weeks at No. 1 on Billboard's Hot 100 charts.
- One of the few black performers to have a No. 1 song on Billboard
magazine's country charts, that being a 1985 duet with
Willie Nelson called "Seven Spanish Angels".
- Charter member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1986.
- 24 November 2003 - Underwent hip replacement surgery in L.A.
- He struggled with a heroin addiction for nearly 20 years before quitting
cold turkey in 1965 after an arrest at the Boston airport.
- Dropped the "Robinson" from his name as a young performer to avoid
confusion with boxer Sugar Ray Robinson.
- Had a hip replacement in the fall of 2003 in which he had to cancel his
very first concert in 53 years of performing on the road.
- Had three #1 pop hits with "Georgia On My Mind" (1960), "Hit the Road
Jack" (1961), and "I Can't Stop Loving You" (1962).
- Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1986 as part of the
institution's inaugural 10-member class that included
Elvis Presley, Chuck Berry (I), James Brown (I)
and Jerry Lee Lewis. He also received the Recording Academy's
lifetime achievement award at the 1987 Grammy Awards.
- Despite his blindness, he was a chess-playing fanatic who was known to
set up games between sets and concerts.
- At the time of his death, a feature film originally titled "Unchain My
Heart, the Ray Charles Story" (renamed for release as
Ray (2004/I)), starring Jamie Foxx, was being completed.
- He inspired many blind musicians to pursue careers such as
Ronnie Milsap and Terri Gibbs.
- He was voted the 10th Greatest Rock 'n' Roll Artist of all time by
Rolling Stone.
- Became the big winner at the 47th Annual Grammy Awards in L.A. getting
eight Grammys for his final album, Genius Loves Company, becoming album
of the year, and his song, Here We Go Again, featuring Norah Jones,
becoming record of the year.
- Had twelve children: Ray Charles Robinson, Jr., David Robinson, Robert
Robinson (all of Della Beatrice Robinson), Charles Wayne Hendricks (son
of the late Margie Hendricks - one of the Raelettes), Reatha Butler,
Alexandra Bertrand (daughter of Chantal Bertrand), Robyn Moffett
(daughter of Gloria Moffett), Evelyn Robinson (daughter of Louise
Mitchell), Raenee Robinson (daughter of Mae Mosely Lyles), Sheila
Robinson (daughter of Sandra Jean Betts), Vincent Kotchounian (son of
Arlette Kotchounian), and Ryan Corey Robinson den Bok (son of Mary Anne
den Bok).
- He was a longtime supporter of Israel, and was named "Man of the Year"
by the B'nai Brith in 1976.
- Performed at Ronald Reagan (I)'s second inauguration in 1985 and
also at Bill Clinton (I)'s first inauguration in 1993.
- Legislation was introduced in the House of Representatives to award him
the Congressional Gold Medal. (February 2005)
- Was an admirer of singer 'Nat 'King Cole and even imitated his
style in his early performances, which guaranteed him continued work
before perfecting his own style.
- He was awarded the American National Medal of the Arts in 1993 by the
National Endowment of the Arts in Washington D.C.
- One of the first singers to own his own master recordings.
- Was the first artist to combine both R&B and Gospel together.
- Not to be confused with the choral director, Ray Charles (IV), of
The Ray Charles Singers on The Perry Como Show
(1955-1963).
- In 1981 he was heavily criticized for touring South Africa.
- Biography in: "The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives". Volume 7,
2003-2005, pages 78-80. Farmington Hills, MI: Thomson Gale, 2007.
- Voted the second greatest singer of the rock era in a Rolling Stone
magazine poll in 2008.
- He was awarded the Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for Recording at
6777 Hollywood Boulevard in Hollywood, California.
Ray (I) Charles quotes
- "I never considered myself part of rock 'n' roll. My stuff was more
adult. It was more difficult for teenagers to relate to; my stuff was
filled with more despair than anything you'd associate with rock 'n'
roll. Since I couldn't see people dancing, I didn't write jitterbugs or
twists. I wrote rhythms that moved me. My style required pure heart
singing."